1.      Dengue Fever

2.      Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Dengue fever is marked by the onset of sudden high fever, severe headache and pain behind the eyes, muscles and joints.

Dengue Haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a more severe form, in which bleeding and sometimes shock occurs – leading to death. It is most serious in children. Symptoms of bleeding usually occur after 3-5 days of fever.

The high fever continues for five to six days (103 – 105 OF or 39- 40 OC). It comes down on the third or the fourth day but rises again. The patient feels much discomfort and is very weak after the illness.

Dengue spreads rapidly and may affect large number of people during an epidemic resulting in reduced work productivity, but most importantly causing the loss of lives.
 

Sudden onset of high fever

Severe headache (mostly in the forehead)

Pain behind the eyes which worsens with eye movement

Body aches and joint pains

Nausea or vomiting
 

RECOGNITION OF DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER AND SHOCK
 
Symptoms similar to dengue fever plus, any one of the following:
 
(1)               Severe and continuous pain in abdomen;
(2)               Bleeding from the nose, mouth and gums or skin bruising;
(3)               Frequent vomiting with or without blood;
(4)               Black stools, like coal tar;
(5)               Excessive thirst (dry mouth)
(6)               Pale, cold skin
(7)               Restlessness, or sleepiness
 

TREATMENT
 

BASIC FACTS ON DENGUE
 

Dengue mosquitoes breed in stored exposed water collections. Favoured breeding places are:

Barrels, drums, jars, pots, buckets, flower vases, plant saucers, tanks, discarded bottles, tins, tyres, water cooler, etc. and a lot more places where rain-water collects or is stored.
 

PREVENTION OF DENGUE
 
All efforts of control should be directed against the mosquitoes. It is important to take control measures to eliminate the mosquitoes and their breeding places. However, the efforts should be intensified before the transmission season (during and after the rainy season) and at the time of the epidemic.
 
PREVENT MOSQUITO BITES:
 

-Repellent – care should be taken in using repellents on small children and the elderly;

-Use mosquito coils and electric vapour mats during the daytime to prevent Dengue;

-Use mosquito nets – to protect babies, old people and others, who may rest during the day. The effectiveness of such nets can be improved by treating them with permethrin (pyrethroid insecticide). Curtains (cloth or bamboo) can also be treated with insecticide and hung at windows or doorways, to repel or kill mosquitoes.

-Protection of people sick with dengue – Mosquitoes become infected when they bite people who are sick with dengue. Mosquito nets and mosquito nets and mosquito coils will effectively prevent mosquitoes from biting sick people and help stop the spread of dengue
 
PREVENTION MULTIPLICATION OF MOSQUITOES:

-Mosquitoes which spread dengue live and breed in and around houses.

-Drain water from coolers, tanks, barrels, drums and buckets, etc.;

-There should be no water in coolers when not in use;

-Remove from the house all objects, e.g. plant saucers, etc. which have water collected in them;

-Remove water from refrigerator drip pans every other day;

-All stored water containers should be kept covered all the time;

-Discard solid waste and objects where water collects, e.g. bottles, tins, tyres, etc.
 
ALWAYS REMEMBER
 
-Dengue is a serious viral disease transmitted by the bite of the mosquito;
 
-Dengue infection occurs in two forms: Dengue fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever;
 
-Dengue fever is a severe flu like illness that affects older children and adults but rarely causes death;
 
-Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a more severe form, in which bleeding and occasionally shock occur, leading to death, mostly in children;
 
-Persons suspected of having dengue fever or DHF must see a doctor at once. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a deadly disease and early recognition and treatment can save lives. Unless proper treatment is given promptly, the patient may go into shock and die.
 
-Severe abdominal pains (black stools), bleeding on the skin or from the nose or gums, sweating, cold skin are danger signs. If any one of them is noticed take the patient to a hospital immediately. Give fluids to drink during transfer to the hospital;

-Give nutritious food and fluids to drink to the patients;
 
-Dengue mosquitoes bite during the day;

-The patient should be kept under a mosquito net or in a screened room during the period of illness;
Screen your rooms against mosquitoes or use mosquito nets or use mosquito repellent;
 
-Discard objects in which water collects, e.g. tins, cans, coconut shells, etc. Do not allow water to collect in pits around your houses. All stored water containers should be covered all the time. This will prevent breeding of Dengue mosquitoes, and
 
-Doctors and health workers treating cases of dengue fever should also notify the health authorities.

Article: Courtesy of PODD Emergency Comm.

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